Critically discuss how language differences between home and host Essay

Basically talk about how language contrasts among home and host nation can impact MNCs passage mode system - Essay Example Notwithstanding, these language boundaries can effectsly affect distinctive section modes. The degree of MNCs presentation to language hindrance will in this manner rely upon their entrance mode. Also, there are different writing looking at the impact of formal establishments and casual foundations (for the most part language) on section mode decision. Despite the fact that the impact of language on passage mode decision is generally understudied, there exist contemplates that inspect the effect of language on a portion of the section modes independently. The rising degree of globalization has happened to massive significance as of now. An ever increasing number of firms start to look to remote terrains to build their organizations as the globe turns out to be increasingly entwined. To oversee such activities across remote limits has happened to the greatest issues for global firms today (Egger, 2012). The universal economy has defined a business system which needs firms to look past the conventional thinking of the home market, and initiate rather seeing at organizations from a remote worldwide view. The procedure a firm endeavor from their market to new remote markets geologically is vital for how best the firm achieves its objectives with their different organizations. Little and normal estimated organizations, which have taken their decision to internationalize, need to develop into outside business sectors face the mishap of settling on the best basic structure. There are various elements, which urge firms to initiate their tasks in outside business sectors (Feely, 2003). The most well-known incorporate the expectation for economies of scale, the experience bend impacts result from an extended degree of yields, and the truth of the presence of business sectors which are advantageous in the universal markets which is absent at home. It very well may be accepted that the creating in dispersal of data, progress in movement conditions, decline in tax issues and others have

Strengths and weaknesses of reason Essay Example

Qualities and shortcomings of reason Essay Reason is a perspective described by rationale. It is the capacity to think, comprehend and reach inferences. It is frequently appeared differently in relation to emotionalism, which is thinking driven by want, enthusiasm, or partiality. [1] Reasoning is significant in our every day life. Each time we accomplish something there is an explanation for it. Thinking is a method of knowing, which will realize an obvious end result to what we are doing. Regardless of whether what we are doing is correct or wrong. For instance: An easygoing smoker can reason in the case of smoking is beneficial for him or not by thinking out. As he realizes that smoking will influence his wellbeing and he will destroy his life. There is no addition in smoking however he is burning through his time and cash which isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. He is taking a chance with his life for few moments of joy. So he can obviously observe that what he is doing isn't right. Reason gives you more certainty to work ahead and accomplish your objective. At whatever point you reason, you have desire which keeps a fire burning. For instance when a specialist is working in an association he is attempting to make most extreme benefit. That is additionally one reason and expected result why he/she is working for. We will compose a custom article test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Strengths and shortcomings of reason explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In introductory stage he may make misfortunes however he/she shouldnt get debilitated by it. Fire of a fire ought to be there to invigorate inward to work upon it. Anything you do in your life has a purpose for it. For instance, an understudy has a choice of picking various courses for his/her profession. Around then, when understudy picks an International educational plan there is purpose for it that he/she may wish to go to abroad for their further training. Universal educational plans like IGCSE, IB Diploma, A-Level, etc. At the point when one needs to procure instruction broadly then they would pick National or State training. In life regularly you need to settle on decisions which include opportunity cost. [1] http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Reason In Todays age each one would wish to know the explanation behind what they are doing. Working without an explanation resembles going in a transport without a goal. For instance: When an understudy goes to class he addresses himself for what reason am I going to class. Around then he has an aspiration which is explanation behind him. He may wish to consider himself to be a specialist, engineer, agent, legal counselor, police officer, columnist, instructor and a lot more for which he/she works inflexibly. A representative for instance: Reliance is an organization which began with beginning capital of just $300 . The organizer of this organization was Dhirubhai H. Ambani. Today we can see this is Indias biggest private area organization with incomes of $16. 7billion. We generally reason when we are discovering some new information. Thinking will consistently be founded on conditions, understanding, explore, look into, information. For instance: when a kid is advised not to play with a blade he won't tune in. Regardless of how frequently his folks caution him. He will possibly comprehend what it implies when he is harmed by that sharp blade. He will experience the agony and dying. That is a childs experience and information about this article. He will be cautious later on. He will learn as he grows up. His folks cautioned him since they knew about the sharpness of blade and how harmful it very well may be. They have additionally learnt it a similar way. So whenever we accomplish something we will have a go at thinking it. In science and arithmetic we reason with realities and demonstrated hypotheses. It goes about as spine for us to manage tests and comprehending. Researcher researches with reason that they can find or imagine new realities. Newtons Third Law expressed that Every activity has equivalent and inverse response [2] this was determined by numerous trials. A straightforward guide to help this law is in sports. Cricket, when the ball is coming towards the batsman it is hit by the bat and the ball goes the other way with a more prominent speed because of the power applied by the bat. This is the means by which they reason out. [2] International Baccalaureate Physics second Edition Greff Kerr, Nancy Kerr ,Paul Ruth In arithmetic we have various hypotheses and equations which are gotten by numerous investigates from which they came into a balanced resolution. For instance: We have hypotheses like aggregate of symmetrical triangle is 180 degree ,the contrary edges of isosceles triangle are equivalent, in squares all sides are equivalent and each edge is of 90 degree. These are barely any plane geometric hypotheses which are demonstrated by Euclid Alexandria. [3] This is the way how understudies can comprehend numerical ideas. In this there is deductive thinking. Anyway like everything there are different sides to the coin. So here quality is one side of the coin and shortcoming is another side of the coin. In spite of every one of its favorable circumstances, the way toward thinking has numerous inadequacies which make it inapplicable in different circumstances. In brain research, for instance feeling assumes a more significant job than thinking. The clinician needs to comprehend the enthusiastic circumstance of his customer. On the off chance that he utilizes his thinking to take care of his customer issue he would neglect to help him in any capacity. Here comprehension of feelings assumes indispensable job. For each feeling there isn't an explanation for it. So there is no purpose behind having mental issue. The disease is normal by which there is change in the human conduct. The conduct which he has is a strange conduct for which a brain research can do this by following out or understanding his issues. Additionally for examining any verifiable character it is essential to comprehend his manner of thinking and passionate circumstance around then. Thinking his activities with the essential standards of conduct and brain research isn't a powerful technique for understanding the history. Aurangzeb was a strict narrow minded person. He did everything for the sake of religion despite the fact that his activities produced despondency. There was no thinking behind his arranging. Writing is another subject matter where reason stays an individual approach and can fluctuate from individual to individual. Composing and understanding writing includes a sympathy and a careful comprehension of the different human characters. [3] http://derrel. net/math/euclid/euclid. htm More than reason, feelings and sentiments assume a more prominent job in a language as a method of knowing. It is progressively imperative to investigate the sentiments of the characters so the perusers can relate it to their life, as opposed to reason it with mind and morals. For Example: In Dolls house Nora has a disposition towards going through more cash than the complete salary. Here she has disposition of living in a lavish manner. So to comprehend her character, language and feelings assume basic job in knowing them. Another subject matter where reason ends up being abstract and individual is craftsmanship. A craftsman utilizes the imaginative sense/aptitude inside him to create his work of art. Inventiveness and his own ideas are depicted in a specialists work, and thus thinking is close to home dependent on his own thoughts and shows of workmanship. Here individuals have diverse recognition about the distinctive workmanship. Observation extraordinarily fluctuates starting with one individuals then onto the next individuals. Reason is a fundamental piece of a judgment for dynamic however it very well may be emotional and not really indistinguishable from another people perspective. Thinking relies upon the premises of rationale if premises are correct my decision through thinking will be right and if the premises are frail my translation will not be right. Thinking is best when it is bolstered by actuality and data and investigated methodicallly without predisposition and bias. Bibliographyâ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

Spring cleaning and miscellany

Spring cleaning and miscellany Well, grad school interviews and visiting weekends are done! This weekend I visited Harvard Medical Schools Biological and Biomedical Sciences program, from which both my UROP professor and my postdoc graduated. I got to hear stories about my UROP professor as a graduate student (I ate dinner last night with his PhD advisor), and I met several faculty members who are MIT alums they all asked to see my Brass Rat. (One walked over to the table where Brit 05, Lara 06, and I were chatting and boomed, So I see this is the Brass Rat table!) Theres a standard pair of questions MIT alums ask each other when they meet: what course were you, and where did you live? Most of the professors were, of course, course 7, but they were excited to hear that I was doubling in course 9 back when many of them were at MIT, course 9 was just psychology; the department didnt include neuroscience until 1986. I met a faculty member who lived in Burton-Conner (home of many current bloggers), and one who lived in Baker nobody from my home, though. Today I was home and doing nothing on a weekend for the first time in 2006 (this is when you know you interviewed at too many PhD programs, thank you very much), so I seized the opportunity to do a little spring cleaning. There are few things in life more entertaining than making a pile of clothes to give to Goodwill while singing Material Girl at the top of your lungs. I found a pair of 4-inch Steve Madden high-heeled shoes that a) I have never worn, and b) I would not be physically capable of walking in, and c) would cause me to be approximately 3 inches taller than my height-challenged boyfriend. I hope someone at Goodwill has a use for a pair of size 8 super-high-heels Lets see, what else my entry is looking for a new GRT (graduate resident tutor), since Bryan, our current GRT, is getting his PhD this spring and moving on to real life. A GRT is MITs version of an RA I guess at most schools, they have undergrad RAs, but ours are all grad students. GRTs are responsible for providing free food, emotional support, and cutting through administrative red tape (like when Adam had the flu during finals last spring and our GRT told him how to talk to the counseling deans so he could get his finals rescheduled). I suppose theyre also responsible for resolving conflicts between residents and those sorts of things, but were all pretty close and I cant think of a time when theres ever been a serious conflict between entry residents. So weve narrowed down our list to 12 prospective GRT candidates, and I think we get to interview all of them this spring to see whos the best fit for the entry. I am pretty sure this process will involve a lot of free food. Just a few questions today.. 1. Mike asked the kind of question that makes me squirm. Mollie, is there anything that you do not like about MIT? Now, I know perfectly well that MIT is not in fact Utopia, and if I say, Nope! I love everything about it! that just sounds completely disingenuous. I guess to some degree this is a hard question for me to answer, because I tend to have an internal locus of control so the semesters Ive been really stressed and transiently unhappy, I place the blame on things like my choice of class schedule (taking 75 units last spring made me a little crazy, but it was my choice to take 75 units) rather than on MIT per se. Im also a happy-go-lucky person by nature. So I will just say two small things that I dont like about MIT. Maybe later Ill come up with something more substantial. a) I dont like that my dorm is a quarter of a mile away from 77 Mass Ave, often necessitating a 10-minute walk in the cold and wind to warmth each way. Be smart! Go live with Jessie and Anthony at EC! b) I dont like it that the fact that I go to MIT leads to almost immediate stereotyping by non-MIT people. (Oh, you go to MIT? You must be a genius/total nerd/socially inept.) News flash: you dont have to be anything to be a happy MIT student, other than excited about science or engineering. 2. Annie asked, Would you have picked Harvard over MIT? And have you cross-registered for any classes there? I havent ever cross-registered my schedules pretty packed as it is with class, and working 15+ hours a week at my lab is a priority for me. Taking a class up at Harvard would introduce too much travel time. I do have friends who have cross-registered (or taken classes up there during the summer), and theyve enjoyed the experience. I really cant say whether I would have picked Harvard over MIT for undergrad. I had never visited either before applying (I visited MIT a week and a half before May 1), and since I didnt get into Harvard, I didnt visit there. I didnt accept my spot on the Harvard waitlist, if thats illuminating at all. If I had gotten into and visited both, I would have gone with my gut feeling on which was the better environment for me. 3. Timur harassed me for scanning in the list upside down. Oops. :) And my cursive lowercase as have always been normal its just when Im printing that theyre weird. And I can scan in writing assignments from fourth grade to prove that theyve been weird for thirteen years now!

A Christian At The Age Of 14 - 1409 Words

Author Information: (see attached resume for additional information) I became a Christian at the age of 14, partly as a result of being taught evolution in public school. Learning about evolution made me very unsettled. I reasoned that if evolution were true, then my life was a result of a series of random accidents and therefore my life had no purpose. I heard a clear gospel presentation and trusted Christ as my savior as a freshman in high school. Since that time, I have had an avid interest in the scientific evidence that proves the biblical creation account true and evolution false. I worked for 35 plus years as a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Initially, as a research hydrologist studying the quantity and quality of river water. I later moved into water science management positions and lastly served as an executive responsible for the all the surface-water related activities of the USGS in the U.S.A. As an executive, I was also designated as the Delaware River Master. As River Master, I administered the provisions of the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court Decree allocating the waters of the Delaware River. My career with the USGS has provided me with a wealth of education and experience in all aspects fresh-water related science and science management. During my career with the USGS, I authored or co-authored about 40 scientific and lay reader reports, proceedings paper, and abstracts. Since becoming a Christian, I have had a keen interest in scientificShow MoreRelatedContemporary Christian Music Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesin music. I went from contemporary Christian to listening to almost anything and everything. Now I listen to Christian metal, pop and rock. Contemporary Christian music now that I have discovered Christian metal and all the other genres of music sounds plain and boring I cannot stand to listen to it. 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The Punishment of Babylon and the Destruction of Pagan Nations (17:1-20:15) VI. The New Creation (21:1-22:5) VII. Epilogue (22:6-21) (The New American Bible) The Book of Revelations is the last book of the Bible. It has several extravagant symbolisms, symbolicRead MoreThe Truth Within a Myth Essay example1177 Words   |  5 PagesGrail itself was not thoroughly explained. To Sir Thomas Malory the Grail was an object that would bring a kingdom together and promote peace. However, religious groups have other perspectives concerning the Grail. According to the most common Christian interpretations, the Holy Grail is a Chalice that touched Jesus lips during the Last Supper, and caught His blood while He was being crucified. During the crucifixion Joseph [of Arimathea] is said to have gathered the blood of the fallen ChristRead MoreWarrant The Term Elder 983 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"begotten (John 1:14, 18; 3:16† and â€Å"born of God† (John 1:13; 1 John 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18) C. 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Many biblical stories are

Sociolinguistics Definition and Examples

Sociolinguistics takes language samples from sets of random population subjects and looks at variables that include such things as pronunciation, word choice, and colloquialisms. The is data is then measured against socio-economic indices such as education, income/wealth, occupation, ethnic heritage, age, and family dynamics to better understand the relationship between language and society. Thanks to its dual focus, sociolinguistics is considered a branch of both linguistics and sociology.  However, the broader study of the field may also encompass anthropological linguistics, dialectology, discourse analysis, ethnography of speaking, geolinguistics, language contact studies, secular linguistics, the social psychology of language, and the sociology of language. The Right Words for the Given Situation Sociolinguistic competence means knowing which words to choose for a given audience and situation to get the desired effect. For instance, say you wanted to get someones attention. If you were a 17-year-old boy and you spotted your friend Larry walking out to his car, youd probably utter something loud and informal along the lines of: Hey, Larry! On the other hand, if you were that same 17-year-old boy and saw the school principal drop something in the parking lot as she was walking to her car, youd more likely utter something along the lines of, Excuse me, Mrs. Phelps! You dropped your scarf. This word choice has to do with societal expectations on the part of both the speaker and the person to whom he is speaking. If the 17-year-old hollered, Hey! You dropped something! in this instance, it could be considered rude. The principal has certain expectations with regard to her status and authority. If the speaker understands and respects those societal constructs, he will choose his language accordingly to make his point and express proper deference. How Language Defines Who We Are Perhaps the most famous example of the study of sociolinguistics comes to us in the form Pygmalion, the play by Irish playwright and author George Bernard Shaw that went on to become the basis for the musical My Fair Lady. The story opens outside Londons Covent Garden market, where the upper crust post-theater crowd is attempting to stay out of the rain. Among the group are Mrs. Eynsford, her son, and daughter, Colonel Pickering (a well-bred gentleman), and a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle (a.k.a Liza). In the shadows, a mysterious man is taking notes. When Eliza catches him writing down everything she says, she thinks he’s a policeman and loudly protests that she hasn’t done anything. The mystery man isn’t a cop—he’s a professor of linguistics, Henry Higgins. Coincidentally, Pickering is also a linguist. Higgins boasts that he could turn Eliza into a duchess or the verbal equivalent in six months, with no idea that Eliza has overheard him and is actually going to take him up on it. When Pickering bets Higgins he can’t succeed, a wager is made and the bet is on. Over the course of the play, Higgins does indeed transform Eliza from guttersnipe to grand dame, culminating with her presentation to the queen at a royal ball. Along the way, however, Eliza must modify not only her pronunciation but her choice of words and subject matter. In a wonderful third-act scene, Higgins brings his protà ©gà © out for a test run. She’s taken to tea at the home of Higgins very proper mother with strict orders: â€Å"She’s to keep to two subjects: the weather and everybody’s health—Fine day and How do you do, you know—and not to let herself go on things in general. That will be safe.† Also in attendance are the Eynsford Hills. While Eliza valiantly attempts to stick to the limited subject matter, it’s clear from the following exchange that her metamorphosis is as yet incomplete: MRS. EYNSFORD HILL:  I’m sure I hope it won’t turn cold. There’s so much influenza about. It runs right through our whole family regularly every spring. LIZA: [darkly] My aunt died of influenza—so they said. MRS. EYNSFORD HILL [clicks her tongue sympathetically] LIZA: [in the same tragic tone] But it’s my belief they done the old woman in. MRS. HIGGINS: [puzzled] Done her in? LIZA: Y-e-e-e-es, Lord love you! Why should she die of influenza? She come through diphtheria right enough the year before. I saw her with my own eyes. Fairly blue with it, she was. They all thought she was dead; but my father he kept ladling gin down her throat til she came to so sudden that she bit the bowl off the spoon. MRS. EYNSFORD HILL: [startled] Dear me! LIZA: [piling up the indictment] What call would a woman with that strength in her have to die of influenza? What become of her new straw hat that should have come to me? Somebody pinched it; and what I say is, them as pinched it done her in. Written just after the close of the Edwardian Era, when class distinction in British society was steeped in centuries-old traditions strictly delineated by a set of codes that related to family status and wealth as well as occupation and personal behavior (or morality), at the heart of the play is the concept that how we speak and what we say directly defines not only who we are and where we stand in society but also what we can hope to achieve—and what we can never achieve. A lady speaks like a lady, and a flower girl speaks like a flower girl and never the twain shall meet. At the time, this distinction of speech separated the classes and made it virtually impossible for someone from the lower ranks to rise above their station. While both a shrewd social commentary and an amusing comedy in its day, assumptions made on the basis of these linguistic precepts had a very real impact on every aspect daily life—economic and social—from what job you could take, to whom you could or could not marry. Such things matter much less today of course, however, it is still possible for some sociolinguistic experts to pinpoint who you are and where you come from by the way you speak.

The Necessity of Defined Boundaries in Nursing Free Essays

What the Hippocratic Oath is to physicians, the Nightingale Pledge is to nurses. The very essence of this pledge needs to be maintained today as it was intended to be when it was first used on a graduating nursing class in 1893 Detroit (Wikipedia, 2007). Its importance is not to be understated – its meaning not to be devalued. We will write a custom essay sample on The Necessity of Defined Boundaries in Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now For any nurse in a leadership position, it is necessary to engrain this pledge in one’s mind, rather than just repeat it for the sake of a certificate. With this engrained mentality, the managing nurse will possess the capacity to effectively implement this dogma into the minds and lives of young nurses. The Nightingale Pledge is symbolic of the more general concept of nursing boundary theory. The American Nurses Association (ANA), the American Medical Association (AMA), the state and national governments of the United States, every university with a nursing program, as well as every nurse and physician all have well-founded interests in defining boundaries that represent ethical and safe behaviors concerning nurses (Holder, 2007). As the world, specifically the US, continues to rely more and more on healthcare provision, it is unavoidable that some loss of integrity concerning the quality of nurses in general will occur. Young nursing students are not always as true-hearted about the profession as was the lovely Miss Nightingale. They may be drawn to the profession for a well known variety of other reasons including handsome salaries and constant, versatile demand for services. This precisely why the senior nursing staff must actively attempt to preserve the integrity of each nurse and thereby the entire profession. The question then becomes how to do it; how to instill the solid and earnest concepts presented in the Nightingale Pledge into the minds and hearts of budding nurses. Education is the key (Wikipedia, 2007). As a leader, a managing nurse may initiate continuing educational services for the nursing staff. Programs that reinforce the foundations of nursing can be offered in a variety of formats. There are no rules for creative presentation. Five minutes at every staff meeting could be dedicated to boundary discussions, for instance. Staff emails could be sent regularly presenting a boundary â€Å"tip of the day†. Colorful and inviting flyers could be posted on the walls of staff break areas if nothing else. The importance lies in the transference of the knowledge; in the sowing of the seeds of Nightingale. The managing nurse, and every nurse, should strive to uphold personal integrity levels as well as preserving the time-tested, well-earned respect for the world’s most caring profession: Nursing (Holder, 2007). As time goes on, nursing careers will progress in all areas and in all directions. A certain percentage of nurses will graduate for the wrong reasons; this is unavoidable. With the necessary components of preservation activated and consistently engaged, the managing nurse can serve as one vehicle for the transference of this philosophy of care giving. It can be shown to young nurses that the gifts that they give daily to their patients and humankind in general are by far more valuable than the profession’s more obvious perks. Nurses need to develop a sense of family with all other nurses in the world (Holder, 2007). There needs to be common bonds inherit in all nurses. They must have a sense of community. The continuation of efforts to uphold the high moral and ethical standards, such as those presented in the Nightingale Pledge, are integral to the future of nursing worldwide. Bibliography/References Holder, K. Schenthal, Stephen. (2007, Feb 13). Watch Your Step: Nursing and Professional Boundries. Retrieved Feb 10, 2007, from Nursing Center: http://www. nursingcenter. com/library/JournalArticle. asp? Article_ID=696090 Wikipedia. (2007, Feb 13). Nightingale Pledge. Retrieved Feb 10, 2007, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Special:Citepage=Nightingale_Pledgeid=100440708 How to cite The Necessity of Defined Boundaries in Nursing, Papers

The Community Based Support Programmes †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Community Based Support Programmes. Answer: The community based support programmes and practices are designed in such a way that it promotes the resources flow and provide the supports to the parents who help in strengthening the functioning and also enhancing the development and the growth of the children in their early age of life. Such community based programmes aim in providing such knowledge and skills which are helpful in conducting the rearing responsibilities of the growing children and providing the children with the opportunities and experiences which promotes the child development and learning. The significance characteristic of such community based programmes includes providing the families with the responsive and the flexible support; to treat the families with respect and dignity; sharing the information with the parents so as to make the informed decisions; and to provide the essential supports and resources to the parents for taking care of the children in their early age of life which produces the optimal child and the parent outcomes (Mason, 2011). The community based programmes and initiatives have the positive impact on both the parenting behaviours and emotional and social development of the children in the early stages of life. The significance feature of such programme is not what is offered, but the way how the supports are to be provided (Mason, 2011). The capacity-building practices in the community based programme form the base of the interactions among the families and the staff for ensuring the parent's capacities enhancement this in turn helps the parents with building confidence and competencies which is necessitated for interactions and promoting the emotional and social development of the children (Forde Devaney, 2006). The members of such community based programmes in the child care help the family members in acquiring the skills for obtaining, resources, services, and supports, such practices helps in the development of the young children which also includes the emotional and the social development ( Forde Devaney, 2006). The communities can conduct certain range of the target, universal and health promoting services such as the feeding of the infants, sleeping and also in providing the guidance to understand the health immunisation and assessment in the early yearly of the children. The given programmes aim to control the parenting behaviours which in a postitive way impact the outcomes of the child. Substantiation for the efficacy of the programmes has been increasing more than ten years, even though it remains mixed. The systematic reviews of certain home visiting programs in the Canada, USA, and UK, established that there are certain optimistic outcome in the surroundings, and also in the well being of the maternal and parenting skill (Forde Devaney, 2006). There are certain parenting competence and confidence which actively provides the practices which involves the practices which helps the parents in deciding what is important for them and children care and how to acquire the knowledge and information which is necessary to be acquired for the children growth in early years with having the great effect on the parents sense of confidence and competence (Mason, 2011). References Forde, S., Devaney, C. (2006). Postvention: A Community-based Family Support Initiative and Model of Responding to Tragic Events, Including Suicide.Child Care In Practice,12(1), 53-61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270500526303 Mason, C. (2011). Social work the art of relationship: parents' perspectives on an intensive family support project.Child Family Social Work,17(3), 368-377. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00791.x

Climate Change Due to Global Warming Essay Example

Climate Change Due to Global Warming Paper The researchers must take part in controlling and preventing this phenomenon by means of this research paper which gives much information on the readers and by being a role model in different ways. The researchers expect that in the end of this research paper, we will be able to help and inform people especially those who are affected by the sat typhoons and the researchers can also learn new things which they can take for the rest Of their lives. Climate change is now a global crisis that we must face. Some scientists are now researching all the possible solutions and steps to be taken in order to stop it. We can not prevent it anymore because it is already happening. All we can do is to find a way to lessen the possible cause that is making it worse day by day. The era of procrastination, of half measures, of soothing and baffling expedients of delay are coming to a close. In its place, we are entering a period of consequences. Winston Churchill (ND). When I say Global Warming, what sort of idea comes in your mind? When I think about it, all that comes in my mind is the end of our precious world. Well, that is only the researchers thoughts about it. Nevertheless, what is Global Warming? Global Warming is the increase of the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans. Global Warming is cause by the Greenhouse Gases that will lead to Climate Change, which we are experiencing right now. Ocean temperatures increase more slowly than land temperatures because of the larger effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean loses more eat by evaporation. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change Due to Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change Due to Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change Due to Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Northern Hemisphere warms faster than the Southern Hemisphere because it has more land and because it has extensive areas of seasonal snow and sea-ice cover subject to ice-lobed feedback. Although more greenhouse gases are emitted in the Northern than Southern Hemisphere this does not contribute to the difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix between hemispheres. (Brown, P. (2007). Global Warning: The Last Chance for Change. Pleasant Vile, NY: The Readers Digest Association. ) What are Greenhouse Gases? Greenhouse Gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gases in the Earths atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earths surface would be on average about ICC (OFF) colder than at present. The contribution to the greenhouse effect by a gas has affected by both the characteristics of the gas and its abundance. For example, on a molecule-for-molecule basis methane is about eight times stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total contribution is smaller. It is not possible to state that a certain gas causes an exact percentage of the greenhouse effect. This is because some of the gases absorb and emit radiation at the same frequencies as others, so that the total greenhouse effect is not simply the sum of the influence of each gas. The higher ends of the ranges quoted are for each gas alone; the lower ends account for overlaps with the other gases. The major non-gas contributor to the Earths roundhouse effect, clouds, also absorbs and emits infrared radiation. (Miller, P. (2009, March). Saving Energy. It starts at home. National Geographic, Volvo. 215, no. 3, 60-81. When sunlight strikes the Earths surface, some of it is re-radiated back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap its heat in the atmosphere. Many gases exhibit these greenhouse properties. Some occur naturally. Some are also produced by human activities and some are exclusively human made (for example, industrial gases). Scientists who have elaborated on Rheniums theory of lobar warming are concerned that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are causing an unprecedented rise in global temperatures, with potentially harmful consequences for the environment and human health. When the Industrial Revolution started, concentrations of most Greenhouse gases have dramatically increased because of the factories made in the Industrial Revolution era and made the Earth warm to hot. To leave you with a thinking mind here is a quote taken from the movie An Inconvenient Truth Big Mr.. Sunbeam, he comes all the way from the sun to visit Earth. Hello Earth, just popping in to brighten your day.. Alleluia And now, Ill be on my way. Not so fast Sunbeam, we are Greenhouse Gases, you anti going nowhere. Pretty soon, Earth is chock-full of Sunbeams. Their rotting corpses heating our atmosphere. Climate Change due to Global Warming and its effects in Metro Manila Climate change is real and happening right now. Its reality can be seen in melting ice, dying coral reefs, rising sea levels, changing ecosystems and prolonged and more severe droughts. According to the World Health Organization (ND), 1 50,000 people are already dying every year as a result of limited change. It is for this reason that the world needs to take action now before our planet becomes damaged beyond repair. This was according to http://sec. Europe. Eh/environment/climatic/hone_en. HTML Climate change is the warming of our planet, caused by human activity. It is the worst environmental problem we face today. Most scientists and governments around the world now agree that climate change will damage or destroy many natural ecosystems and human communities. When we speak of climate change on a global scale, we are referring to changes in the climate of the Earth as a whole. The rate and magnitude of global climate changes over the long term have enormous implications for natural ecosystems. But why does Climate Change Happen? Climate change is happening due to an increased concentration of certain gases in the atmosphere. These heat- trapping gases are becoming more concentrated in the Earths atmosphere, trapping more heat in the process. The most prevalent of these gases is carbon dioxide, released from burning coal, oil and natural gas in power plants, cars, factories and so on as well as through large scale Climate change. Climate change is predicted to have a range of serious uniqueness, some of which will have impact over the longer term, like spread of disease and sea level rise, while some have immediately obvious impacts, such as intense rain and flooding. Additionally, global warming appears to affect significantly the weather patterns of our planet. The extent of this influence cannot be accurately determined. In recent decades, there has been an apparent increase in the intensity and frequency of hurricanes and storms and in the losses of life and property due to weather-related disasters. Other man-made or natural disasters have also taken a greater toll n recent years. However, it is not known with certainty if the higher losses can be attributed to a higher free ounce of such disasters or simply to excessive development and increased population density along vulnerable coastal areas of our planet. Certainly, there have been major demographic shifts and greater concentration of populations in urban areas around the world. Mega cities have emerged along coastal areas, often without adequate planning or assessment of disaster risks. Also, better coverage of the impact of disasters by global media networks has resulted in increased awareness of assister impacts. Nevertheless, it is worth reviewing the possible effects of climate change on the frequency and intensity Of disasters, particularly those that are weather-related. In spite of mitigation efforts, losses due to global warming and weather related disasters will continue to increase because of continuing population growth and the increase of the concentration of growth in vulnerable areas such as coastal regions and flood plains. Other natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis have also resulted in increased losses quite possibly for the same reasons. For example the argental of earthquakes causing 1,000 + fatalities has increased by 10% causing approximately 1. 4 million deaths since 1 910. (Draper, R. (2009, April). The climate betrayed him. National Geographic, Volvo. 21 5, no. 4, 42-65) Continuing global warming can be expected to contribute significantly to disasters. For example, a new study has concluded that the Southwest Asian monsoons have gotten stronger over the past 400 years and might continue to intensify as a result of global warming. In recent years, weather-related disasters such as heavy rains, floods and flash floods, have affected the lives f thousands in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, India, Sir Lankan, China, Korea, Manner, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Turkey, Costa Rica, Haiti, El Salvador, Guatemala, Somalia, Ghana, Morocco, Togo and South Africa. Hurricanes and typhoons in the Eastern United States, Bahamas, Antigen, Barbados, Virgin Islands, Puerco Rice, Philippines, Vietnam, Madagascar and elsewhere have left thousands of people dead, injured or homeless. Major flooding even in mountain areas high in the Himalayas could occur where nearly 50 glacial lakes could burst their banks and flood the valleys below. Man-made disasters have also taken a heavier toll in recent years. The continuous population growth has disturbed the delicate balance between ecosystems on our planet. Pollution of the atmosphere and of the seas, destruction of the rain forests, fires burning out of control, alterations of sensitive ecosystems, destruction of the ozone layer, have created climatic changes that we do not fully comprehend. Similarly, man-made disasters such as chemical spills and industrial accidents have polluted rivers and watersheds in Rwanda, Guyana, Eastern Ukraine, Slovenia and elsewhere. Industrial wastes have heavily polluted the drinking water supply of more than two million people endangering their health. Other man-made disasters associated with industrial accidents, civil strife, wars, and the use of weapons of mass destruction, not only present the greatest danger for humanity, but may also have a long-term cumulative effect on the earths climate. The trend is clear, weather related and complex man-made disasters are increasing in frequency and severity in various parts of the world. Their impact on the environment and on CLC imitate cannot be overlooked. As akin Lang Amman its not nature but the dam was opened for some reason (back may crack eh back Lang Amman) kaki nag bills Dumas Eng tubing, its not an ordinary flooding but a flood an bugling biannual. The government should be blamed for this, where is page-as and national disaster council Para mailman nag amount nag rainfall and what should be done. As lake Eng slaw Eng baggy metro manila Lang nag bumboat Eng gangway kalmia as central Luzon Amman wall Amman again. As Adam Eng typhoon an Duncan backbit bugling 15-20 feet nag etas, as said by Francis Co whom the researchers interviewed. Effects of Global Warming are of concern both for the environment and the human life. We humans brought his upon our selves and we must do something about it. The recent flood that hit metro manila is a manifestation of the global warming. One good example of effects of global warming is typhoons. Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. AAA. ) Another effect of Global Warming in Metro Manila is the increase of its daily temperature. If youre living in Metro Manila, Im sure that you are experiencing that effect to. Everyday you wish that rain will come so that the temperature will somewhat lessen the heat. Drought is another effect of Global Warming experienced all over the country because of the excessive heat rays coming from the sun which affect the farmers mostly. Their crops continue to die because of the super heat, the grounds started to harden and eventually break because of extensive heat which makes the ground impossible for farming. According to the article of Roberto A. Capital in official reports say globally average surface temperatures will increase by 1. 4 to 5. 8 degrees Celsius for the period 2000 to 2100. This forecast is higher than the global warming projection of 1 to 3. 5 degrees Celsius made ten years ago. Analyses of data from tree rings, corals, ice cores and historical records for the Northern Hemisphere show an increase in temperature in the 20th century that is the largest of any during the past 1,000 years. Scientist likewise found that snow cover has decreased by about 10 percent since the late 1 asss in the Northern Hemisphere, and that there has been a 40 percent decline in the Arctic sea-ice thickness during the late summer and early autumn in recent decades. Because of Global Warming our climate had changed. We are experiencing different weather. And there has been an increase in our imperative over the last years. We are truly experiencing the effects of Global Warming, because basically there are two major effects of Global Warming.

Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting The WritePass Journal

Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting Introduction Differences and similarities between financial and management accounting IntroductionFinancial AccountingManagement AccountingManagement accounting has the following concepts:BibliographyRelated Introduction In this essay I will be talking about the differences and similarities between financial and management accounting and how they are used to communicate a business’s financial information to shareholders and managers. In business there are various areas marketing, economics, accounting and finance among these accounting is one of the most difficult ones as it requires you to analyse and report a business’s financial transactions thought periods of time. Accounting divides into various areas but the areas I will mainly be looking at are financial and management accounting. Financial Accounting Financial accounting is about with the preparation of financial statements for the use of the stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies and the owners of the business enterprise. It is intended to aid in the reduction of problems that may arise in the day to day transactions of the business. It publishes an annual report that summarizes an organizations financial data that are taken from their records. It is governed by local and international accounting standards. Its main purpose is to produce financial statements, provide information that can be used in the decision making and planning and to help an organization meet regulatory requirements. It is a legal requirement of all publicly traded organization. Management Accounting Management accounting is concerned in providing basis for decision making and use of information by managers within an organization. It helps identify, measure, accumulate, analyze and interpret information to be used in planning, evaluation and control to ensure the proper use of organizations resources. It also provides financial reports to shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and tax agencies. Management accounting involves sales forecasting reports, budget and comparative analysis, feasibility studies and merger or consolidation reports. It is intended to provide information that is more a forecast than a background, to managers within the organization, is confidential and is computed by using information systems rather than general financial accounting standards. It is used in strategic, performance and risk management. Management accounting has the following concepts: . Cost accounting which is a central element is managerial accounting. (GPK) which a German costing method that gives ways on how to calculate costs that are assigned to a product or service. . Lean accounting is used for a lean enterprise. . (RCA) gives managers the information required to support an organizations growth. . Throughput accounting which recognizes modern production processes   need for each other. . Transfer pricing which is used in manufacturing and banking. 1. Financial accounting is legally required from an organization, while management accounting is not. 2. Financial accounting must be reviewed by a separate accounting firm, while management accounting is not required of this. 3. Financial accounting is concerned about how the financial resources of the organization will affect its performance, while management accounting is concerned in how the reports will affect the behaviour and performance of its employees. 4. Financial accounting is governed by both local and international accounting standards, while management accounting is not. 5. Financial accounting is historical in nature, that is, the reports are based on an organizations previous performance and dealings, while management accounting is a forecast Bibliography Read more: Difference Between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting | Difference Between | Financial Accounting vs Management Accounting differencebetween.net/business/accounting-business/difference-between-financial-accounting-and-management-accounting/#ixz

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points - Essay Example He is particularly renowned for his fourteen points that developed a basis to the end of the war and the post World War I era. This paper explores the success Woodrow’s fourteen points and the points’ achievements. Overview of Woodrow’s fourteen points Woodrow’s fourteen points was a proclamation towards the end of the First World War. Having come just a few months away from the ultimate end of the war and their provisions that aimed at attaining a peaceful world indicate significance of the points in the consequently achieved peace. The fourteen points’ principles can be explored in three categories. The first category, consisting of initial five points, was general and concerned â€Å"international liberalism and free trade† (Rossini and Shugaar, p. 63). The points included a public approach to agreements towards international peace as opposed to private treaties, provision for freedom of navigation across international waters, elimination of trade barriers and equality in international trade, and appeal for disarmament. He also called for fair distribution of colonies (Yale, p. 1). Points that called for resolution of disputes over some territories followed these.

Read and Respond to (IMMANUEL KANT) What is Enlightenment Research Paper

Read and Respond to (IMMANUEL KANT) What is Enlightenment - Research Paper Example Kant describes enlightenment as â€Å"Man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity† (Kant 1784), where immaturity essentially refers to an individual’s inability to use their own understanding in actions and instead depend on tutelage or guidance from others. Kant explains that this immaturity is self-imposed due to â€Å"lack of resolve to use it without guidance from another† (1784). He argues that the guardians who are depended upon by the unenlightened are keen to ensure that matters remain this way hence discourage their dependants through indicating that lack of their guidance will lead to danger. The guardians have been quite successful at discouraging maturity and enlightenment of the populace that only a few individuals have been able to become enlightened â€Å"by cultivating their own minds, in freeing themselves from immaturity and pursuing a secure course† (1784). However, Kant argues that enlightenment is inevitable and that the wo rld heads toward it with each age. He identifies two forms of freedom of using one’s reason as determinants of enlightenment whether public and private. Only public reasoning can succeed in bringing about enlightenment although holders of office and other individuals can privately reason and still publicly defend the symbols they represent. Kant uses the rest of his work to showcase that nothing can stand in the way of enlightenment, not religion, authority or even society itself. He also argues that we are not living in an enlightened age but rather in the age of enlightenment which translates to the gateway to enlightenment. A central theme in Kant’s work is that rational autonomy is achievable in the society albeit slowly; â€Å"But that the public should enlighten itself is more likely; indeed, if it is only allowed freedom, enlightenment is almost inevitable† (1784). He presents the view that enlightenment of the entire society is

Haiti Earthquake 2010: Effects and Cost

Haiti Earthquake 2010: Effects and Cost Haiti Earthquake Introduction Earthquakes happen in different parts of the world and they lead to negative consequences including death, destruction of buildings and huge losses in economy. Before studying one of the most important and hazardous natural disasters which took place seven years ago, we have to take into consideration the meaning of earthquakes. As a matter of fact, earthquake is a natural disaster according to which the layers of the earth move or tremble when the crust is ruptured or slipped. In addition, during such rupture across the fault line at which earthquakes happen, a kind of energy provided with elasticity is emitted from between rocks that could be pressured. While these amounts of energy could be stocked throughout years and emitted in less than a second, pressure existed between rocks as well as strain lead to the storage of more quantities of elastic energy causing the increase in the possibility of occurrence of earthquakes. On the other side, when this energy is released, a particul ar type of sound waves named seismic provided with low rates of frequency are spread and distributed across the surface of the earth or among its layers. Surprisingly, more than three million earthquakes happen every year. Nevertheless, people do not feel or notice them. On the contrary, earthquakes which surpass five degrees on the Richter scale are considered as one of the most terrifying and disastrous natural disasters that humans witness their occurrence on the surface of the earth and that could lead to destructive outcomes. (Earthquakes: introduction) Haiti earthquake One of the massive earthquakes that took place in the United States in 2010 was Haiti earthquake. It is worth mentioning that such earthquake occurred along Hispaniola which is a West Indian island. In spite of the fact that such island includes the two states of Dominican Republic and Haiti, the latter country was the most damaged one and the state that struggled more after the negative consequences of the earthquake. While the death toll which was released was not able to determine the numbers of casualties resulted from such chaos, the government of the country mentioned that more than three hundred thousand people were dead. Nevertheless, other resources stated that the real number was smaller than what was announced. In addition, a lot of Haitians were asked to evacuate the area and leave their homes. At 4:53 pm, there was a huge and strong hit by the earthquake. Such hit extended about more than twenty five kilometers along the coast of Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti. Bes ides, the magnitude of the first shock was about seven degrees. Then another two shocks happened whose degrees reached five point nine and five point five. Later, a lot of shocks took place such as the shock that happened on the twenty of January at a small town called Petit Goave which is fifty five kilometers away from Port-au-Prince. As a matter of fact, Haiti did not witness the occurrence of any earthquakes comparing to Haiti earthquake when talking about strength, enormity and degree. (Pallardy, 2016) On the other hand, such natural catastrophe contributed in the death of more than two thousand hundred persons as well as the injuries and homelessness of more than six hundred thousand persons who were struggling in order to survive and in order to search for the primary resources of living so that they could be able to maintain their lives. In addition, the earthquake managed to convert the situations in Haiti upside down on a local, political, economic and environmental scale. As a matter of fact, such earthquake has led to the breakdown of the government there whose ruling of the state was very weak and fragile. As a result of the inability and failure in managing and controlling situations during the occurrence of catastrophes and disasters, the government resorted to the dependence on aids and humanitarian relief from other countries in order to be able to provide people with the resources required for their survival. What the government managed to do is offering those survivor s tents and camps where they could live their transitional life till the occurrence of something new. (The Shockwave That Changed A Nation, 2010) Based on what was mentioned by the Humanitarian Action Plan for the Haitian state three years ago, more than one hundred and seventy two thousand persons were obliged by governmental orders to leave their houses in order to live in more than three hundred camps in 2013. Moreover, services offered to displaced persons such as health and WASH services have witnessed a quick decline comparing to the course of the displacement event of those survivors. On the other hand, there was a high risk, which more than sixteen thousand families who used to live in about fifty camps, had to face. Such risk is represented in the fact that these families could be forced to evacuate the area. In addition to the previous information and data, other eight thousand persons who used to live in camps were subjected to the risk of suffering from floods. According to what was indicated by OCHA in 2014, about one hundred and for thousand persons were remained in the state. Nevertheless, they were obliged to l ive in camps. Furthermore, there was no intention of any kind of relocation programs offered to more than seventy thousand IDPs. Finally, IOM has stated in 2014 that more than eighty thousand Haitians had the ability to survive and live their transitional life in more than one hundred camps in September. (Haiti: Earthquakes Jan 2010) Effect of Haiti earthquake According the statistics, the damage resulted from this Haitian earthquake was ranged between seven and half and eight and half billion American dollars. In addition, there was a decline in the gross domestic product of the state estimated by five point one percent. It is worth mentioning that such earthquake has led to the destruction of the basic airport in Haiti along with a large number of roads and finally the majority of ports. Moreover, the earthquake has resulted in the damage of more than one hundred thousand houses and homes based on what was mentioned by the studies and researches conducted by the Inter-American Development Bank. On the other side, the capital of Haiti named Port-au-Prince was unfortunately hit by the Haitian earthquake. As a result, the government remained paralyzed and did not succeed in eliminating chaos and returning order to the state along with the inability to take in charge of the situation. Besides, almost one of each four servants who used to liv e in Port-au-Prince was found dead. In addition to the previously mentioned information, the earthquake contributed in the damage of more than half of schools and almost sixty percent of the main constructions and establishments in the state. No one can deny the fact that one of the least countries regarding wealth, fortune and economic prosperity in the entire western hemisphere was Haiti. In fact, the majority of public there is considered ultra-poor according to the international statistics and measurements. Furthermore, more than half of them used to live in despicable circumstances of living. On the other hand, a huge percentage of Haitians there work as farmers in order to become the breadwinners of their families. Finally, the earthquake managed to cause a lot of damage since the resistance of the Haitian state against natural catastrophes is weak due to deforestation.   (Amadeo, 2016) Humanitarian relief after the occurrence of Haiti earthquake One of the main international organizations, which had the ability to offer humanitarian aid and relief to the state of Haiti after the occurrence of such destructive earthquake along with attracting the attention of the whole world to the importance of providing people there with assistance so that they could be able to survive, was the United Nations. Thanks to the donations received from certain countries around the globe as well as collaboration between various elements including people, organizations and governmental authorities, the United Nations succeeded in achieving development and improvement in the process of getting Haiti back to life especially after this devastating earthquake happened. Furthermore, the United Nations managed to cooperate with other communities that had the chance to offer donations in order to offer Haitian populations aid and relief on the long term. In addition, the foundation of United Nations contributed in the collection of donations estimated by four million American dollars to help those people to survive and live in normal conditions. As a matter of fact, such donations provided the United Nations with the ability to do the following: First: giving more than one hundred thousand American dollars to projects of solar light. Second: offering the needed resources for life such as fresh water, healthy food and health care as well as shelters due to the donation delivered to the UN which reached three million dollars in order to be able to control and manage risks and hazards in the future. Third: taking part in the process of recycling about twenty percent of the debris resulted from the earthquake. Fourth: offering Haitian people about three hundred thousand job opportunities. Fifth: offering more than two thousand Haitian workers training in the field of development and life recovery. Sixth: supplying the United Nations Population Fund with more than seven hundred thousand American dollars to get resources regarding maternal health along with offering street lights which depend on solar energy in order to provide Haitians especially women and young girl protection, safety and security. Seventh: giving more than two hundred thousand American dollars to the development program related to the UN since such program is considered as a trial in order to help people there get jobs and work so that they could be able to remove debris resulted from the earthquake. (HAITI EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE, 2013) Conclusion In a nutshell, natural disasters are considered as one of the most destructive events that could be faced by any country around the world. In addition, one of these catastrophes that could lead to the total destruction and demolishment of states is earthquakes. Earthquakes happen due to the slippage between layers of the earth. As a result, a lot of damages occur leading to the huge percentage of casualties, demolishment of houses and constructions along with the displacement of many people out of their homes. Thats why countries have to be well prepared for these events in order to prevent their negative consequences as well as protecting people there from any danger or hazard that might threaten their lives. References The Shockwave That Changed A Nation. (2010). Retrieved March 21, 2017, from Haiti earthquake 2010: http://haitiearthquake.web.unc.edu/ HAITI EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE. (2013). Retrieved March 21, 2017, from United Nations Foundation: http://www.unfoundation.org/who-we-are/impact/our-impact/health-data-disaster-relief/haiti-earthquake-response.html?referrer=https://www.google.com.eg/ Amadeo, K. (2016). Haiti Earthquake: Facts, Damage, Effects on Economy. Retrieved March 21, 2017, from The balance: https://www.thebalance.com/haiti-earthquake-facts-damage-effects-on-economy-3305660 Earthquakes: introduction. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2017, from SMS Tsunami Warning: http://www.sms-tsunami-warning.com/pages/earthquakes-introduction Haiti: Earthquakes Jan 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2017, from relief web: http://reliefweb.int/disaster/eq-2010-000009-hti Pallardy, R. (2016). Haiti earthquake of 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2017, from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/event/Haiti-earthquake-of-2010

Self-Managed Work Teams

SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS Class: Human Resource Management November 29th, 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION___________________________________________________________1 SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS DICIPLINES_________________________________2 LEADING A SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS_________________________________5 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TEAMS AND SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS____________________________________________________________6 SUCCESS FACTORS OF SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS______________________8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS____10CONCLUSION___________________________________________________________13 REFERENCES____________________________________________________________14 INTRODUCTION: Self-managed work teams are work teams that are given permission to organize and control the work that they do. Self-managed work teams are independent and interdependent as the self-managed work teams itself is independent while the members are interdependent. The team is self-regul ating, operating with few external controls. Team members determine schedules, procedures and the need to make adjustments.Self-managed work teams delegates specific responsibility and decision-making authority to the team itself, it is expected that the individual will set their own goals, monitor progress, adjust behavior to increase the chances of attaining goals and in some instances even self-reward or punishment comparing to the traditional work team, in where it is control completely by the management. By Self-managed work teams, each independent is given freedom and responsibility to accomplish tasks in an efficient way as the main idea of self-managed work teams is positional authority.By adopting self-managed work teams, the individuals can create synergy through the contribution of several team members all engaged on the same task, while psychological well-being arises through increased opportunities for interaction between team members and involvement in job-related deci sion making. In general, self-managed teams have considerable discretion over: * The work done and setting team goals * How work is achieved – which processes are used and how work is scheduled * Internal performance issues – distributing the work and the contribution made by each member of the team * Decision making and problem solving.SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS DICIPLINES: In order for an organization that wanted to establish and achieve the self-managed work teams from the traditional teams, there are disciplines of the self-managed work teams that need to be follow. These disciplines are a set of skills, approaches, insights, and practices that are not typically mastered by more conventional teams. As the disciplines itself, is evolutionary rather than revolutionary, the teams need to move toward self-management along a continuum from â€Å"other-directed† to becoming self-directed.By mastering the self-managed work team’s disciplines, it is the main key to achieve and understand the concept of self-managed work teams itself. These disciplines also ensure the long-term success of the teams. A self-managed work teams discipline consists of: * Establish & Communicate the Boundaries of Team Authority: Aside from defining the boundaries of the team authority, a self-managed work teams must clearly communicate to its members, to the steering committee, to other teams, and to the entire organization the specific boundaries of its ole and authority. When a self-managed work teams can’t uphold its communication it can cause a self-destruction, as it fail to negotiate a clear and agreed-upon charter up-front. Aside, to maintain the communication between members, a consistent measurement or checking is required to ensure its relevancy. * Develop Cross-Functional Skills or Knowledge: Another difference of self-managed work teams and conventional team is that all members of the team are intimately familiar with all of the tasks done wit hin the team.All members on a self-managed work teams must not only understand the variety of jobs and tasks performed within the team, they must also have the capability to perform each of these jobs or tasks. Training all team members in each other's tasks is an important component of the self-managed work teams skill or practice set. * Develop Critical Thinking Skills: A self-managed work teams must critically evaluate its role in the organization, its charter, and its goals, its evolving norms of behavior, its performance, its successes and others.A self-managed work teams must always examining its processes, its environment and its results. The skills of critical thinking include identifying our mental models or assumptions, challenging the â€Å"context† within which the team operates imagining and exploring alternative realities, and becoming â€Å"reflectively skeptical. † * Become Self-Directed Learners: Conventional work teams often depend upon the learning p riorities set by management or the training office; self-managed work teams break this dependency and define for themselves what they need to know.Aside from learning their job, the team also learn to handle responsibility for identifying needed skills and knowledge essential for their and the company's long-term success. The team assumes full responsibility for exploring what they must know and master next year, and the year after that, and the year after that. The self-managed work teams’ works with the training office to discover new methods and approaches for learning what the team needs to become self-directed, long-term learners. * Manage Team Performance:Conventional teams may be involved in goal setting and performance evaluation, but management still plays a major role in molding these goals and in evaluating the team's performance. A self-managed work teams assumes full responsibilities for these tasks, the self-managed work teams, therefore, must be trained in the skills and knowledge of team performance management. This includes the skills of goal setting, establishing benchmark standards, evaluating performance against standards, developing plans for performance improvement. Manage Human Resources: In traditional work teams, management usually assumes the primary responsibility for defining needed positions, recruiting the right candidates, establishing criteria for evaluating the candidates, selecting the new worker, and orienting him or her to the job. Further, once the employee is on the job, management then monitors and evaluates the employee's performance and takes corrective action if required to improve performance. However, the self-managed work teams assume full responsibility for managing its human resources.Following guidelines established by the HR department, the self-managed work teams usually performs all of the functions that result in a new hire. It also assumes responsibility for resolving individual performance problems t hat occur when individual members don't meet team expectations. As a result, team members must learn to master such HR skills as recruiting and selecting new hires, monitoring individual performance, and then taking action to correct performance problems. While it might be true that SMWTs will approach performance problem solving quite differently than traditional management approaches (e. . , looking for cause not blame), the team must be capable of dealing with the team member who fails to work effectively with the team. This may even include the difficult task of disciplining or even terminating a team member. Although managing its human resources may be the hardest skill for the team to master, it is probably the most critical to the team's long-term success. Self-directed work teams, also known as self-managing teams, represent a revolutionary approach to the way work is organized and performed.Instead of organizing work based on the traditional Taylor model — reducing a process to individual steps — work becomes restructured around whole processes. There must be interdependence and joint responsibility for outputs if there is to be a self-directed work team. Whereas the traditional system reduces the required skill at every level of work, producing boredom in the bottom-level jobs, the new system integrates the needs of the people with the work to be done, and those closest to the jobs help design the job. LEADING A SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS:The leadership role in a self-managed team is very different from that of a team leader in a traditional hierarchical team such as a functional team. In a hierarchical team the team leader allocates work. In contrast, in a self-managed team, the leadership role involves taking on more of a supporting role, which includes identifying the long-term career and personal development needs of the team within the context of the overall organization. The team leadership role in a:| Hierarchical team| Self-managed team| The role is vested in one individual. | The role may be shared. | To manage the team. To support the team by providing (or arranging others to provide) coaching and advice. | To plan and allocate the work done by the team. | To agree, in discussion with the team, the standard of work and the aims, objectives and targets of the team. | To monitor and appraise the performance of team members in carrying out the tasks allocated to them. | To monitor the achievement of the team as a unit. To appraise individual performance. | To motivate the team members. | To provide the conditions for high motivation. | To act as the main contact point for communication between the team and the rest of the organisation. To facilitate the creation of channels of communication with the rest of the organisation. | THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TEAMS AND SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS: In an organization, there are many types of work teams that is apply in the organization itself, each of the work teams have different structure and way of communication with their members. The differences of work teams’ structure * Managed Team: A group of people working together toward a common goal. The ‘what’ will happen, ‘where’ it will happen and ‘how’ it will happen is set by the organisation and/or the manager. Self-Managed Team: Is a group of people working together in their own way toward a common goal which is defined outside the team. The team decides their work schedule, in what order, when to deliver, how, to what standards, and by whom. * Self-Directed Team: A group of people working together in their own way toward a common goal which the team defines. They will perform all of the above but in addition also have input on recruitment to the team, training, compensation, performance management, discipline, and acts as a profit center by defining its own future.The difference of self-managed work teams with conventional teams is self-ma naged work teams complete an entire piece of work, whether it's a product, a service, or part of a large product of service. The team assigns tasks that individual team members perform. In other words, the team plans, organizes, and controls work activates with little or no direct involvement of a higher status supervisor. Self-managed work teams control most work inputs, flow, and output. Aside, they are responsible for correction work flow problems as they occur.On other words, the teams maintain their own quality and logistical control. Self-managed work teams receive team-level feedback and rewards. This recognizes and reinforces the fact that the team – not individuals – is responsible for the work, although team members may also receive individual feedback and rewards. Characteristics of a mature self-managed work teams SUCCESS FACTORS TOWARDS SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS: There are some factors that need to be considered by the organization as those factors are the s uccess factors towards self-managed work teams.When an organization neglects those factors, there is a high possibility that the organization will not achieve an effective self-managed work teams. * Learn: A key success factor for self-managed teams is to be open to, and continuously gather, information about how other self-managed teams are operating, through meetings and other forms of communication. These may be teams within the organization or within other organizations. Even if the self-managed teams learn about work in other organizations whose business is very different to the original organization, there may still be valuable lessons to learn.Aside, the organization should consider involving representatives of successful self-managed teams as mentors to the team, if possible. * Structure Just because a team is self-managed doesn't mean it can work with a nebulous structure where nobody is clear about who does what. There is a need to structure the team in the most efficient way. This will depend on the organization's business, the team's function and the individuals within it. Some self-managed teams work best where one member serves as a leader. Others are successful where all members are of equal status.However, the common success factor is that everyone is very clear about roles and accountability's within the team. * Achieve Most likely, a self-managed team will be endeavoring to achieve outcomes agreed with the organization's management team. However, within the team, each employee have different goals, like they wanted to try and achieve more than the agreed outcomes, as an indication that the self-managed team is functioning to a commendable level of efficiency and success. A self-managed team's achievements are particularly important where elements within the organization are dubious about the wisdom of implementing the teams. Evaluate Evaluation is an important part of a successful self-managed work teams. Just as in any organizational structu re, evaluation is the way of discovering to what extent aims and objectives have been achieved. A critical success factor of all self-managed teams is the ability to respond positively to evaluation, identify where improvements can be made and develop a plan to implement the changes needed to deliver them. ADVANTAGES VERSUS DISADVANTAGES: There is nothing perfect in a work teams, there are always limitations of it but aside of limitation, there are benefits of the work teams.The organization can decrease the impact of its limitation by improving in that certain weak area. The advantages of self-managed work teams are: * Job Satisfaction: With self-managed teams, employees have more job satisfaction because they are directly involved in the day to day running of a company and are more independent. This direct involvement helps them to identify more closely with a company's objectives. Employees also derive a sense of satisfaction from developing new decision-making and problem-solvin g skills and working as part of a close-knit team. Improved Productivity: According to â€Å"Business Week,† companies that use self-managed work teams are 30 to 50 percent more productive than those with a traditional hierarchy. This is because workers have a greater commitment to company goals when they are more closely involved in helping to achieve these goals. Having a greater share in the results ensures that teams quickly address a product's problems and defects and are sensitive to customers' needs and requests. Self-directed work teams have a wide range of skills because of the diverse backgrounds of individual members.This helps teams to develop innovative products and services and to take a creative approach to problem-solving. * Increased compatibility between employers and employees: Self-managed teams can relieve stress for the leader, who is then able to concentrate on other tasks. The team is mutually supportive and members learn from each other instead of app roaching the team leader for advice. * Commitment: Team members can become more involved in projects as a direct result of having increased autonomy and responsibility. * Motivation: Team members have shared or equal responsibility so members are accountable for their actions.The disadvantages of self-managed work teams are: * Extensive Training: Companies making the transition from a traditional management structure to self-managed work teams must invest considerable time and resources in training people in management skills. Training goes through several stages and this process can last between two and five years. Employees get additional training in providing customers service and satisfaction and must learn how to work effectively as part of a team. * Managing Managers: Managers may actively resist the concept of self-managed work teams because it makes their role effectively redundant.Organizations may have to offer additional professional training to managers before they can r eassign them to jobs that offer the same level of pay and status. Managers being reassigned need to receive highly specialized technical training. CONCLUSION: The introduction of employee empowerment through self-managed teams program can provide the necessary edge required to remain competitive in today's global market. However, no empowerment program can be successful in the long term if management does not take adequate steps before the program is introduced and utilize an adequate management strategy once the program has been initiated.The pre-program steps and the management strategy must be more than words on paper. Management must be sold on the idea of employee empowerment and develop a management strategy that fully supports the empowerment program or it will eventually fail. If management supports its self-managed teams, they will foster its success. In Asia itself, companies are not familiar with the terms of Self-Managed Work Teams as in Asia having a particular leader a re viewed as the best option in a management. There is still a high importance of hierarchy in the Asian society. REFERENCES: 1.Career Track, â€Å"Implementing self-directed work teams† (Newsletter, SV-No. 16), 1995, pp. 1-8. 2. Ankarlo, L. , â€Å"The best value in training†, Career Track, 1994, pp. 12-16. 3. Pett, T. and Miller, T. , â€Å"Employee empowerment: old wine in a new bottle†, Southwest Academy of Management, Proceedings, Mescon Group, Dallas, TX, March 1994, p. 153. 4. Fisher, K. , Leading Self-directed Work Teams, McGraw-Hill, Chesterfield, MO, 1994, pp. 1-26, 164-70. 5. Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, A. T. , â€Å"The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, 1988, pp. 471-82. 6. Madonna, J. C. Allaire, P. A. and Drew, E. H. , â€Å"Leadership and empowerment for total quality†, The Conference Board, Vol. 24 No. 2, 1992, pp. 9-25. 7. Mears, P. and Voehl, F. , Team Building, St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, 1994. 8. Dumaine, B. , â€Å"The trouble with teams†, Fortune, 5 September 1994, pp. 86-92. 9. Stokes, Jr and Stewart, L. , â€Å"IS without managers†, Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 11-15. 10. McKee, B. , â€Å"Turn your workers into a team†, Nation's Business, July 1992, pp. 36-8. 11. Barry, D. , â€Å"Managing the bossless team: lessons in distributed leadership†, Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1991, pp. 1-47. 12. Brucker, D. , â€Å"Spurring on reengineering†, Fortune, 26 June 1995, p. 15. 13. Sirkin, H. L. , â€Å"The employee empowerment scam†, Industry Week, 18 October 1993, p. 58. 14. Dean, J. and Evans, J. , Total Quality: Management, Organization, and Strategy. West Publishing Co. , St Paul, MN, 1994, pp. 197-26. 15. Overman, S. , â€Å"Saturn teams working and profiting†, HR Magazine, March 1995, pp. 72-4. 16. Grates, G. F. , â€Å"The subtlety and power of com munications in corporate renewal initiatives†, Public Relations Quarterly, Spring 1994, pp. 40-3. 17. Holpp, L. â€Å"Applied empowerment†, Training, February 1994, pp. 39-44. 18. Bowen, D. and Lawler, E. E. III, â€Å"The empowerment of service workers: what, why how, and when†, Management Review, Spring 1994, pp. 31-9. 19. Flanagan, P. , â€Å"IBM one day, Lexmark the next†, Management Review, January 1994, pp. 38-44. 20. Burrows, P. , â€Å"Playing ball without the coach†, Business Week, July 1993, p. 99. 21. Spanbauer, S. J. , â€Å"A quality system for education†, Quality, Vol. 6 No. 4, 1990, pp. 55-65. 22. Macher, K. , â€Å"Empowerment and the bureaucracy†, Training and Development Journal, September 1988, pp. 41-6. 23.Dumaine, B. , â€Å"Who needs a boss? â€Å", Fortune, 7 May 1990, pp. 52-60. 24. Caudron, S. , â€Å"Are self-directed teams right for your company? â€Å", Personnel Journal, December 1993, pp. 76-84. 25. Be nnett, S. , â€Å"Turnaround at Kodak Park†, Business Quarterly, Spring 1994, pp. 31-41. 26. Ferero, M. , â€Å"Self-directed work teams untax the IRS†, Personnel Journal, July 1994, pp. 66-71. 27. Wellins, R. , â€Å"Texas Instruments gets from here to there†, Training ; Development, June 1995, pp. 26-41. 28. Hopp, L. , â€Å"If empowerment is so good, why does it hurt? â€Å", Training, March 1995, pp. 53-7. 29. Stein, R. E. Next Phase of Total Quality Management, Marcel Dekker, Inc. , Boston, MA, 1994, pp. 103-23. 30. Pasmore, W. A. , â€Å"An approach to successful integration†, Self-Managing Work Teams, July/August 1994, pp. 15-23. 31. Andrews, G. , â€Å"Mistrust, the hidden obstacle to empowerment†, HR Magazine, September 1994, pp. 66-70. 32. Thibodeaux, M. and Faden, S. , â€Å"Organizational design for self-managed teams†, Industrial Management ; Data Systems, annual 1994, pp. 20-6. 33. Giordan, J. and Ahern, A. , â€Å"Self-mana ged teams: quality improvement in actions†, Research Technology Management, May/June 1994, pp. 33-5.

Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility

Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility BY crashers Fire Extinguisher Inspection and Accessibility: Class Project University of AXES Professor XX Fire Protection Proposal A critical aspect for a successful business is the ability to motivate employees to increase and maintain their productivity. One key element in accomplishing this is to provide a safe working environment by addressing and mitigating risks or hazards facing employees. Although, it is impossible to create a completely risk free work environment, there are certain risks that can be addressed effectively, particularly he risk of a fire in the workplace.The risk of workplace fire is a concern for any business and can be mitigated in many ways. This proposal will focus on a very effective and simple form of fire protection, fire extinguishers. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) governs the use, location, maintenance and training of portable fire extinguishers. This is accomplished through OSH A Standard 1910. 157, â€Å"Portable Fire Extinguishers†. A recent walk through of this building revealed a clear violation(s) of OSHA standards regarding fire extinguishers.This reports will bring to the attention of Executive Management the importance of fire protection, attempt to identify the exact safety concern, determine what OSHA standard governs this concern and develop a feasible solution to correct the issue. The solution will take into account both the physical and economical feasibility of correcting the issue, while maintaining focus on employee safety. Fire Protection: It is not an uncommon event to have a fire occur in the workplace. Fires can result in serious bodily injury, including burns and smoke inhalation.It can also lead to aerospace fatalities. According to OSHA, between 70,000 and 80,000 fires occur each year within the workplace in the United States (2013). Despite this number of workplace fires, fire and explosion only make up on average about thre e percent of the total workplace fatalities (BILLS, 2007). However, it can also cause enormous property damage and, depending on the type of business, can lead to serious environmental issues. It is also estimated that businesses suffered roughly 2 billion dollars worth of property damage each year from fires in the workplace (OSHA, 2013).Fire protection, to include fire extinguishers, can be utilized to mitigate these risks, resulting in the reduction of on the Job injuries, fatalities, the loss of property, environmentally concerns and the negative impact fire can have on a business's bottom line. There are many measures to combat fires in the workplace. One of the simplest and most effective measures in fire protection is the fire extinguisher. It can provide the means to extinguish small fires before they become larger and more destructive.It can also be used to protect and clear egress routes that may become locked by fire during an evacuation, providing a safe means of escape for all employees. Fire extinguishers, in the hands off trained employee, can offer an important weapon in combating fires in the workplace, creating a safer environment for all employees. However, in order for a fire extinguisher to be useful, it must be readily available, in proper working order and must be matched to the proper fuel classification for the workplace environment, which is mandated and enforced by OSHA.Violation: A walk through inspection was conducted of the building to include all five floors. On the third floor it was discovered that of the four fire extinguishers located on that floor, two out of four fire extinguishers were out of date by two months (see appendix A). Of the remaining two functional fire extinguishers, one of those was located in a locked storage room, on a shelf, behind a green plastic container (see appendix B). This is a clear violation of OSHA standard subpart Fire protection 1910. 157, Portable Fire Extinguishers, specifically the following sections: (c)(l).The employer shall provide portable fire extinguishers and shall mount, locate and identify them so that hey are readily accessible to employees without subjecting the employees to possible injury. (e)(l). The employer shall be responsible for the inspection, maintenance and testing of all portable fire extinguishers in the workplace. (e)(3). The employer shall assure that portable fire extinguishers are subjected to an annual maintenance check. Stored pressure extinguishers do not require an internal examination.The employer shall record the annual maintenance date and retain this record for one year after the last entry or the life of the shell, whichever is less. The record shall be available to the Assistant Secretary upon request (2014). As one can see, the company is in violation of the OSHA standards governing fire extinguishers, particularly the placement, maintenance and inspection. It should be noted that three out of the four fire extinguishers on the th ird floor were clearly marked and readily accessible to employees.They were strategically located and were appropriately matched to the fuel classification for each floor. The fire extinguishers on the remaining four floors were all in compliance with OSHA standards. It should be noted the fire extinguishers on the each floor were inspected annually at different times or months, which could be a contributing factor. This factor, along with another observation, should be analyzed in order to develop a feasible solution.Analysis: In order to resolve this safety hazard and find a feasible, yet effective solution, a couple of factors need to be considered. A direct and obvious factor relates to determining if the third floor poses a reduced perspicuity for fires. After careful review, there does not appear to be any evidence to support that fires occurring on he third floor are less or more likely to occur than on any other area of the building. There are no unusual activities occurring on the third that would warrant such a conclusion.After a review of the company's Hazard Communication Program, to include an inventory of chemicals for each floor and the Material Safety Data Sheets or Safety Data Sheets, the third floor does not house any different chemicals than the other four floors of the building. The number of employees occupying the third floor in a given workday is comparable to the remaining floors of the building. Therefore, he third floor warrants the same fire protection as the rest of the building, to include accessibility and maintenance of fire extinguishers.The inspection schedule for the building, as it relates to fire extinguishers, appears to be on different rotations. This leads to another interesting factor as to why the inspection dates for fire extinguishers on each floor of the building are during different months? After careful review of the company's Fire Protection, Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Audits from 2002 to 2013, there appears to be no documented or social reasoning for having the fire extinguishers inspected on different dates.It does not reduce cost, time or effort on the part of the company. Research and inquiries could not determine an actual benefit to this practice. Therefore, it should be concluded that this practice should be revisited in order to find an effective solution. Solution: After careful research and analysis, it was determined the third floor of the building does not warrant any special attention or need elaborate measures to maintain the fire extinguishers. Therefore, the solutions to correct these violations re simple, straightforward and cost effective.They are as follows: a) Mount fourth fire extinguisher outside the storage room with proper markings, which will provide easy access to all employees. B) Ensure the annual inspection of all fire extinguishers in the building is conducted on the same date. C) Create a maintenance log and record the monthly maintenance che cks with either the log beginning or ending with the annual inspection. D) Incorporate maintenance and inspection checks into the annual fire protection training. E) Challenge employees to check the inspection date n the fire extinguishers by offering an incentive to whomever brings to the attention of management an issue.An example would be a privileged parking spot for a week or a free lunch for a day. All of the above are easy, cost effective suggestions to correct and prevent these issues from occurring in the future. Any one or a combination of these suggestions can be utilized to create a safer working environment for, not Just the third floor, but also the entire building. Conclusion: This proposal was designed to bring to the attention of executive management a rise of OSHA violation(s) concerning fire protection, particularly fire extinguishers, for the third floor.Even though the company has made a good faith effort to ensure the building is properly outfitted with several devices to alert and prevent workplace fires, it should not neglect the very basic concept of the fire extinguisher. It can be a vital, cost effective tool to prevent injury, loss of life, property damage, environmental issues and the interference or shut down of business due too workplace fire. It can prevent a small fire from becoming much larger and be used to aid in an evacuation f employees due to a workplace fire.The simple steps purposed will correct and ensure these violations do not occur in the future, ensuring a safer work environment for all.